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diff --git a/unit4/unit4.typ b/unit4/unit4.typ index 113849b..d172fa8 100644 --- a/unit4/unit4.typ +++ b/unit4/unit4.typ @@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ _An identity pool, unlike a resource pool, specifies a range of network identifi - 1-to-1 mapping between identity pool and service simplifies the tracking and use of IDs by a particular service. - Increases management complexity as multiple identity pools must be created and managed. = Virtual Resources -== Virtual Machine +== Virtual Machines +=== Virtual Machine _A logical compute system that, like a physical compute system, runs an OS and applications._\ - Created by hosted or bare-metal hypervisor installed on physical compute. - Has self-contained OS, applications, virtual hardware. @@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ _A logical compute system that, like a physical compute system, runs an OS and a - VM hardware and software are configured to meet requirements. - Consumer VMs are isolated from each other so there is no interference. - Isolation also provides fault tolerance. -== VM Hardware +=== VM Hardware _When a VM is created, it is presented with virtual hardware components that appear as physical hardware components to the guest OS._\ - Within vendor's environment, each VM has standardized hardware components, so they are portable. - Based on requirements, virtual components can be added or removed. @@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ _When a VM is created, it is presented with virtual hardware components that app 4. *Virtual optical or floppy drives* can be configured to connect to physical drives or to image files. 5. *SCSI/IDE virtual controllers* provide a way for VMs to connect to storage devices. 6. *Virtual USB controller* is used to connect to a physical USB controller to access storage and devices. -== VM Files +=== VM Files #table( columns: (auto, auto), table.header([ File ], [ Description ]), @@ -203,12 +204,12 @@ _When a VM is created, it is presented with virtual hardware components that app [ Snapshot File ], [ Stores the VM settings and virtual disk of a VM. ], [ Log File ], [ Keeps log of the VM's activity and is used for troubleshooting. ] ) -== File system to manage VM Files +=== File system to manage VM Files #figure(image("./assets/vmfs.png")) - File system is configured on storage to manage VM files. - Capacity of the file system can be dynamically changed without disrupting the VM. - Hypervisors support two file systems, hypervisor native and shared file system. -=== Hypervisor Native File System +==== Hypervisor Native File System - Usually a clustered file system and optimized for storing VM files. - Can be deployed on storage provisioned from local storage or external storage. - Allows multiple hypervisors running on different compute systems, to read and write to same shared storage concurrently. @@ -216,11 +217,11 @@ _When a VM is created, it is presented with virtual hardware components that app - Locking mechanism ensures that a VM is not powered on by multiple hypervisors at the same time. - When hypervisor fails, locking mechanism for each VM on the physical compute is released. - VMs can them be restarted from other hypervisors. -=== Shared File System +==== Shared File System - Allows for VMs to be stored on remote servers or NAS. - Accessed using file sharing protocols, like NFS and CIFS. - Hypervisors have builtin NFS/CIFS clients. -== VM Console +=== VM Console _VM Console is an interface used to view and manage the VMs on a compute system or cluster._\ - VM console can be: - Installed locally on compute system. @@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ _VM Console is an interface used to view and manage the VMs on a compute system - Installing a guest OS and accessing VM BIOS - Powering a VM on or off - Configuring virtual hardware and troubleshooting. -== VM Template +=== VM Template _A VM Template is a master copy of a virtual machine with a standardized virtual hardware and softeare configuration that can be used to create and provision new VMs._\ - Typically includes: - Guest OS @@ -246,20 +247,20 @@ _A VM Template is a master copy of a virtual machine with a standardized virtual - Ensures consistency and standardization across VMs, making troubleshooting easier. - Can be updated with new software, OS updates, and software patches. - After update is complete, VM is converted back into a template. -== Virtual Appliance +=== Virtual Appliance _A virtual appliance is a preconfigured virtual machine preinstalled with a guest OS and application dedicated to a specific function. In a cloud environment they are used to provide different functions, such as provide SaaS, run cloud management software, route packets, and provide security._\ - Simplifies the delivery and operation of applications. - Faster as VM is preconfigured and has preinstalled software. - Simplifies installation and eliminates configuration issues. - Application runs in isolation, so is protected against crashes and other applications. - Created using Open Virtualization Format, a open, hypervisor-independent packaging and distribution format. -== VM Network +=== VM Network #figure(image("./assets/vmnet.png")) _A VM network is a logical network that provides Ethernet connectivity and enables communication between VMs running on a hypervisor within a compute system._\ - Contains logical switches called virtual switches. - Virtual switches function similarly to physical Ethernet switches but may not have full functionality. - VM traffic travels over both VM network and physical networks. -== VM Network Components +=== VM Network Components #table( columns: (auto, auto), table.header([ Component ], [ Description ]), @@ -278,3 +279,41 @@ _A VM network is a logical network that provides Ethernet connectivity and enabl - Not addressable from the network. ] ) +== Logical Unit Number (LUN) +=== LUN +_LUN is created by abstracting the identity and internal function of storage systems and appears as physical storage to the compute system._\ +- Mapping of virtual to physical layer performed by virtualization layer. +- Assigned to compute system to create file system for storing and managing files. +_LUN Masking is the process that provides data access control by defining which LUNs a compute system can access._\ +- Ensure volume access by compute is controlled appropriatly. +- In cloud, LUNs are created and assigned to different services based on the requirements. +=== Creating LUNs form RAID Sets +#figure(image("./assets/lunraid.png")) +- Done by partitioning the available capacity into smaller units. +- Spread across all physical disks that belong to a RAID set. +- Suited for applications that require predictable performance. +- Provide full control for precise data placement and allow an administrator to create LUNs on different RAID groups. +- Organizations concerned with storage space efficiency may use this. +=== Creating LUNs from storage pools +#figure(image("./assets/lunpool.png")) +- Comprises a set of physical drives that provide actual physical storage. +- Storage pool can contain a few to hundreds of drives. +- Two types of LUNs can be created: + 1. *Thick LUN*\ + - Storage capacity is fully allocated on creation. + 2. *Thin LUN*\ + - Do not require physical storage to be completly allocated to them at creation. + - For OS, thin LUNs appear as traditional LUNs. + - Thin LUNs consumer storage as needed from storage pool in increments called thin LUN extents. + - Thin LUN extent defines the minimum amount of physical storage consumed from pool at a time. + - When destroyed, allocated capacity is reclaimed to the pool. +===== Uses of Thin LUNs +- Provides worse performance compared to thick LUNs. +- Appropriate for applications that can tolerate performance variations. +- In some cases, performance improvements are seen when using thin LUNs. +- However, during contention between two thin LUNs over shared storage space or heavy utilization, performance can degrade. +- Provide the best storage space efficiency. +- Suitable for applicaions where space consumtion is difficult to forecast. +- Reduces storage costs and simplifies storage management. +== Virtual Networks +// Slide 39 |